Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart - 1129 Words

The most traumatizing and destructive statement someone can say is to â€Å"Be a Man.† As Carlos Gomez once stated, â€Å"So many men in this world (are) living in this sort of quiet desperation, confined in this box of toxic masculinity.† In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, some characters are the epitome of this toxic masculinity. Things Fall Apart shows the dimension of both Igbo people and culture, while highlighting the tale of a tragic hero, Okonkwo. Okonkwo’s rise to glory was demonstrated by his humble beginnings and eye for prosperity. However, abundant cultural differences show how conflict emerges between individuals and what society expects of them. The novel also in part traces Okonkwo’s lack of emotional awareness as he murders his surrogate son while simultaneously criticizing his other biological son for being effeminate. Ultimately, Okonkwo’s obsession with masculinity sparked aggression between the white missionaries, and eventually he was driven to commit suicide. Chinua Achebe reveals that the overpowering theme of hyper masculinity portrays one as emotionally unacceptable, and although one ideal, the author demonstrates how heavy masculine qualities tear apart relationships and structure in life. All aspects of Okonkwo’s personality revolved around his masculinity, especially in farming. â€Å"Yam, the king of crops was a man’s crop† (19). Although the pursuit of yams at a young age contributed to his success, it also defined the standards of a â€Å"man’sShow MoreRelatedChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1719 Words   |  7 PagesThings fall apart is a classic novel written around the turn of the century, the novel focuses on the protagonist who we can also call a hero, Okonkwo. Okonkwo is a wealthy and respected leader within the Igbo tribe of Umuofia in eastern Nigeria. Strong individual with a passionate belief in all the values and traditions of his people. Chinua Achebe presents Okonkwo as a particular kind of tragic protagonist, a great man who carries the fate of his people. Okonkwo is a man who is inflexible andRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1033 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Chinua Achebe is a famous Nigerian novelist in worldwide. Things fall apart is Chinua Achebe’s first novel published in 1958, the year after Ghana became the first African nation to gain independence. And this novel is one of the first African novels to gain worldwide recognition. (Phil Mongredien, 2010) This novel presents people a story of an African Igbo tribal hero, Okonkwo, from his growth to death. The fate of Okonkwo also indicates the fate of Africa caused by the colonizationRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart883 Words   |  4 Pagesdehumanize the native population and convince themselves that they are helping. Chinua Achebe’s book Things Fall Apart attempts to correct these misguided views of African societies by portraying a more complex culture that values peace, and the art of conversation. Achebe also tries to portray the idea that not all European people they come in contact with are aggressive, and misconstrued in their view of the African societ ies. Achebe tries to show us the value of his society through repeated views into conversationsRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1410 Words   |  6 PagesTeddy Manfre Ms. Blass ENG 209-001 April 24, 2017 Things Fall Apart In 1958, Chinua Achebe a famous Nigerian author publishes one of his most famous novels Things Fall Apart. The novel takes place in a Nigerian village called Umuofia. During the time that this novel is published Nigeria is being criticized by the Europeans for being uncivilized. In response, Achebe uses his brilliance in this novel to express the valued history of his people to his audience. His focus in the novel is on the pre-colonizedRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1015 Words   |  5 PagesIn his novel Things Fall Apart, author Chinua Achebe utilizes his distinctive writing style in order to accurately capture the culture and customs of the Igbo people despite writing his story in a foreign language. Five aspects of Achebe’s style that make his writing unique is the straightforward diction present in dialogue, the inclusion of native parables convey Igbo life authentically, the inclusion of native Igbo words and phrases, detailed descriptions of nature and the usage of figurative languageRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1702 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: Things Fall Apart Biographical information about the author: Chinua Achebe was born in Nigeria in 1930. He had an early career as a radio host, and later became the Senior Research Fellow at the University of Nigeria. After moving to America, he became an English professor at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Achebe has won numerous awards for his poetry and fiction, including the Man Booker prize and Commonwealth Poetry Price. He currently teaches at Bard College. Author: Chinua AchebeRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesCulture is an Important Element of Society Chinua Achebe is the author of when Things Fall Apart while Joseph Conrad authored Heart of Darkness. Conrad and Achebe set their individual titles in Africa; Achebe is an African writer whereas Conrad is Polish-British. The authors draw strength from their backgrounds to validity the authenticity of their fictional novels. Conrad writes from his experiences in the British and French navies while Achebe uses his African heritage. The theme of culture isRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1248 Words   |  5 PagesChris Lowndes Ms. Cook A.P.L.C. 21 October 2015 We Are Family: Hardships in One s Family in Things Fall Apart Specific attributes correlate with each other to help create or not create the ideal strong family. However, through those attributes arise conflicts and major disputes. This issue of trying to achieve and create a strong family is of immense importance in one’s life, especially in Chinua Achebe’s, Things Fall Apart, a milestone in African literature. For instance, the father leaves his legacyRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagescertain degree of the priest class, libation, holidays, creation stories, divine systems of punishments and rewards. In the novel, Things Fall Apart, written by Chinua Achebe, is a story of tragic fall of a protagonist and the Igbo culture. Achebe demonstrates different examples and situations of where an African culture, in the instances of tribal religions, did certain things because of their tradition is and the way they developed into. African cultures pondered life mysteries and articulated theirRead Mo reChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1314 Words   |  6 PagesChinua Achebe masterpiece â€Å"Things Fall Apart† (1959) is the classic story of Okonkwo, a young man who strives to be revered by his village and family but because of his own internal character flaws meets his own demise. In the Igbo culture, family traditions are an important narrative throughout the novel. Okonkwo, the protagonist character of this story, begins with many attributes of what would be concluded as a hero with his cultural society. He is hard working, a material provider, feared and

Scope and Excitement of Physics - 1427 Words

PHYSICS,TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY. Technology and society or technology and culture refers to cyclical co-dependence, co-influence, co-production of technology and society upon the other (technology upon culture, and vice-versa). This synergistic relationship occurred from the dawn of humankind, with the invention of simple tools and continues into modern technologies such as the printing press and computers. The academic discipline studying the impacts of science, technology, and society and vice versa is called (and can be foundValues The implementation of technology influences the values of a society by changing expectations and realities. The implementation of technology is also influenced by values. There are (at least) three major,†¦show more content†¦Some technologies are designed specifically with the environment in mind, but most are designed first for economic or ergonomic effects. Historically, the value of a clean environment and more efficient productive processes has been the result of an increase in the wealth of society, because once people are able to provide for their basic needs, they are able to focus on less-tangible goods such as clean air and water. The effects of technology on the environment are both obvious and subtle. The more obvious effects include the depletion of nonrenewable natural resources (such as petroleum, coal, ores), and the added pollution of air, water, and land. The more subtle effects include debates over long-term effects (e.g., global warming, deforestation, natural habitat destruction, coastal wetland loss.) Each wave of technology creates a set of waste previously unknown by humans: toxic waste, radioactive waste, electronic waste. One of the main problems is the lack of an effective way to remove these pollutants on a large scale expediently. In nature, organisms recycle the wastes of other organisms, for example, plants produce oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis, oxygen-breathing organisms use oxygen to metabolize food, producing carbon dioxide as a by-product, which plants use in a process to make sugar, with oxygen as a waste inShow MoreRelatedSuggested Strategy for Central High School1295 Words   |  5 Pageswealth of options and knowledge and there is a support team behind them to help (Dell, 2012). A number of the IT professionals within the school district also contributed their expertise in guiding the project. There was a significant amount of excitement that some new technology was going to be in the student and teachers hands, and they were also willing to help even after the purchase to provide additional support. Using the premise to serve each classroom and then also provide additional re sourcesRead MoreRelationship Between Students Personality Traits and Their Academic Achievement4475 Words   |  18 Pagesinvolvement and the energy. Extraverts are sociable but sociability is not ore of the traits but in addition to liking people and preferring large group and gatherings extraverts are also assertive, talkative and active and they like stimulation and excitement and tend to be cheerful (Costa, McCrae Holland 1984). It is easy to convey the characteristics of the extraverts and the introvert is less easy to portray. In other respects introversion should be seen as the absence of extraversion ratherRead MoreSeven Environmental Principles2614 Words   |  11 Pageswith regard to circumstances: a state of confusion. 2. A condition of being in a stage or form, as of structure, growth, or development: the fetal state. 3. A mental or emotional condition: in a manic state. 4. Informal A condition of excitement or distress. 5. Physics The condition of a physical system with regard to phase, form, composition, or structure: Ice is the solid state of water. 6. Social position or rank. 7. Ceremony; pomp: foreign leaders dining in state at the White House. 8. a. TheRead MoreHistory And Current Model Of The Korean Educational System4572 Words   |  19 Pagesaccurate predictor of achievement than race, yet they are quick to point out that low income and racial minorities are still highly correlated. Conclusion 2: Education can breakdown barriers With so many barriers in existence that are outside of the scope of educational problem solving, every student should come into school knowing that every effort is being made to remove the barriers between them and quality education. While this may seem idealistic, especially to those who are in schools with theRead MoreCause and Impact Analysis on the Main Character’s Suffering in Elizabeth Gilbert’s Novel Eat, Pray, Love7348 Words   |  30 PagesChapter I INTRODUCTION In this chapter the researcher discussed about this study based on background of the study, problem statements of the study, purpose of the study, the significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, and definition of key terms. All of them were included on the chapter one as fulfilled of the study. 1. Background of The Study Literature did not take itself to a single definition because the achieving of it over century has been as complex and naturalRead MoreBook to Study English for Chemistry12934 Words   |  52 Pagesphilosophy? 6. What is the main difference between sciences and humanities? 7. How do we call the scientists who specialise in the following fields of study? How are the names formed? ecology psychology anthropology chemistry 7 linguistics biology physics economy astronomy meteorology sociology political science mathematics history philosophy theology Are there any other words that can be formed from these words? Word Formation 1. Combine the words in brackets with suitable SUFFIXES to completeRead MoreThe Sonnet Form: William Shakespeare6305 Words   |  26 Pagesthe disease, Feeding on that which doth preserve the ill, The uncertain sickly appetite to please. My reason, the physician to my love, Angry that his prescriptions are not kept, Hath left me, and I desp’rate now approve Desire is death, which physic did except. Past cure am I, now reason is past care, And frantic mad with evermore unrest, My thoughts and my discourse as madmen’s are, At random from the truth vainly expressed;   Ã‚  Ã‚  For I have sworn thee fair and thought thee bright,   Ã‚  Ã‚  WhoRead MoreThe Influence of Instructional Facilities on Students’ Academic Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Sapele Local Government Area of Delta State11042 Words   |  45 PagesQuestions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦6 Research Hypotheses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦...7 Purpose of the study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...8 Assumption †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦...9 Significance of the study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦...9 Scope and delimitation of the study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦...10 Definition of terms †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....10 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Conceptual framework†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 Instructional facilities †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreEmployment Turnover in Hospitality Industry in Hanoi8707 Words   |  35 Pagesknowledge reveals little information about this matter. This fact is a challenge as well as a motivation for our research group to carry out our own research on this issue, to discover the new knowledge horizon that has not been discovered. Our research scope is in Hanoi, where our research group is living. As Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam, it is the center of politics, culture and tourism. Thus Hanoi’s hospitality sector is fairly developed compared to other parts of the country. The audiences of ourRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesManaging the team 9.3.2 Team building activities 9.2.4 Virtual teams 9.3.3.1 Team performance [9.4.2.2] 9.4.2.3 Conflict management 9.3.2.6 Recognition and awards Defining the Project 4.1 Project charter 5.1 Gather requirements 5.2 Defining scope 5.3 Creating a WBS 5.4 Tools and techniques 6.1 Define activities 9.1.2. Responsibility matrixes 10.1 Communication planning (.2.3.4) [App. G-4] Chapter 12 Outsourcing 12.1.1 Procurement requirements [G.8] 12.1.2.3 Contract types 9.4.2.3 Conflict

From Hero to Zero - 1979 Words

Hero to Zero A tragic hero is of noble birth and is a great or virtuous character in a dramatic tragedy that is destine for suffering or defeat. Victor Frankenstein, a rich and highly educated man who questioned the role of God and created The Creature, soon abandons his creation and ends up getting a taste of his own medicine when all his loved ones are gone and he is left all alone. Victor learned his lesson after creating The Creature because then he is punished eternally for his actions of exploring the secrets of creation. Victor Frankenstein came from a wealthy and powerful family. Victor experiences a peaceful and happy childhood in Switzerland. He had a loving family who adored him and his cousin Elizabeth. Frankenstein was highly educated and was amazed when he read books about science. The death of his mother really took a toll on his life. His mother died when he attended the University of Germany which is where he started thinking about how he wanted to eliminate diseases since his mother died from a disease. Then he kept thinking and questioned the role of God and wondered if he could create life, which is how The Creature was made. When the Creature was alive Victor took one look at it and was disgusted by its image and ran away from it. After Victor creates the Creature he suffers from illness lasting months and the Creature goes into the woods. When Victor returns home he finds out that his younger brother has been murdered. Justine who is a friend ofShow MoreRelatedFrom Zero to Hero1425 Words   |  6 PagesFrom Zero to Hero Throughout history, many people have risen and fallen in power due to their weaknesses and strengths. Napoleon Bonaparte, the great war leader and eventual Emperor of the French, was brought down due to the brute attacks on France by the United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, Russia, and even by his own arrogance and carelessness. On the contrary, George Washington, a wealthy farmer from Virginia, was able to lead the thirteen colonies into defeating the most powerful army inRead MoreA Hero : A Definition Of A Hero714 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is a definition of a hero ?The definition of a hero is a person who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities. Being a hero is more than just saving a person it includes helping those who are in need, and offering support to others in their area of weakness,I also think Of Jesus Christ our lord and savior as an example of an hero.Because God is that savior who helps you and guides you.You see God is the biggest and best hero. God is so extraordinary thatRead MoreCritical Thinking Of The Grand Budapest Hotel1102 Words   |  5 PagesBudapest Hotel consists of a prologue, five parts, and an epilogue. The film features many successful actors, but the main story revolves around an interesting narration of Zero Moustafa (played by F Murray Abraham, but embodied in younger years by Tony Revolori), who encounters the Author (starred by Tom Wilkinson and Jude Law). Zero reveals the secret of how he became the owner of the Grand Budapest’s Hotel. The film draws attention to such themes as crime, love, the family revolts, prison breaks, policeRead MoreHoles By Louis Sachar : A Unique And Dynamic Piece Of Children s Literature962 Words   |  4 PagesStanley does not come off as an exciting character, at first he could even be considered rather dull. Until after the twentieth century it was the standard to make all heroes representations of masculinity (Simon 155). Stanley is a good example of a hero that isn’t excessively manly, he is timid and content. Interestingly his nickname at camp was Caveman. This name would suggest a very masculine nature. However, he is not wild or strong, he is chubby and insecure. Stanley also never seems to have luckRead MoreBeginning to the Great Alaskan Race826 Words   |  3 Pagesantiserum. So twenty dogs sled teams relayed the serum from the town of Nenana to Nome. The hardships of the dogs and mushers went through along with the hero dogs, and teams of mushers and dogs will forever be alive in Alaskan history.This journey is a gratifying accomplishment and a proud moment in Alaskan history. There were twenty teams of dogs varying from seven dogs to twenty-three dogs with a total of over a hundred dogs running from town to town carrying a life saving serum to the peopleRead MoreMarketing Audit: Coke Zero1125 Words   |  4 PagesMarketing audit: Coke Zero Positioning strategy The American soda manufacturer Coca-Cola has been under widespread criticism for contributing to the worlds obesity epidemic. However, the company also offers many diet beverages to whet consumers appetites. The health benefits of diet beverages are somewhat controversial in the scientific community, regarding weight gain, and some research indicates that consumers who drink more diet beverages actually weigh more (Diet sweeteners increase weightRead More Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman is A Modern Tragedy Essay1044 Words   |  5 Pagesto be defined by his basic observations. It was not until the modern age that playwrights began to deviate somewhat from the basic tenets of Aristotelian tragedy and, in doing so, began to create plays more recognizable to the common people and, thereby, less traditional. Even so, upon examination, the basic plot structure of some modern tragedies actually differs very little from that of the ancient classics. In spite of its modernity, Arthur Mi llers great twentieth-century tragedy, Death of aRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Sophocles Antigone1521 Words   |  7 PagesAn Aristotelian tragic hero is a literary character who makes a judgment that ultimately leads to his or her own destruction. An example of a true Aristotelian tragic hero is Creon from Sophocles’ play, Antigone. Creon is the tragic hero because he goes through the five stages of a tragic hero which leads to his destruction. His tragic flaw is him being afraid to admit that he has made a mistake. He is too proud of his power and his ability to make laws which leads to his son and wife committingRead MoreThe Movie The Nightmare Before Christmas 1701 Words   |  7 Pagestrail back farther than five thousand Before Common Era. The question that goes through all minds at some point, however, is what makes a hero? Joseph Campbell wrote his theory of The Hero’s Journey in which he describes the path the hero will tread and the trials and tribulations ahead of them. That is not to say that there are not multiple ways to go about a hero tale, there are various kinds of heroes, which all change the story. There are tragic heroes, classic heroes, epic heroes, and more. InRead MoreThe True Success Behind Ms. Marvel923 Words   |  4 Pagesparents, has that one friend who has a secret crush but is never noticed, a small group of friends, and the desire to be able to fit in with the â€Å"popular† kids at school. This story isn’t just about how any other every day person became to become zero to hero. The true success behind Ms. Marvel is because it s something different Marvel Comics brings to the readers they don t usually see comparing to previous superheros. They didn’t only bring an urban legend back .. Even before Kamala came along

Davos Declaration on Climate Change free essay sample

FREDERICK PAPPOE| CTH STUDENT NUMBER: 21565| | SUBJECT: SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AND DESTINATION MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT| INTRODUCTION Climate change has being a major concern and challenge for many countries across the globe, especially for the developing countries. The tourism industry is a major contributor to the emission of GHG, and all nations and economic sectors will have to contend with the challenges of climate change, through adaptation and mitigation. Green House Gas (GHG) emissions, derived especially from the transportation and accommodations of the tourist. The aircraft which burns fossil fuel, the coaches, cars, machineries all emits carbon dioxide (co2) and carbon monoxide into the atmosphere. All these transportation means contribute intensively to climate. Some studies have shown that air transport emits 2-3% of the GHG. Transport by air, road and rail is continuously increasing in response to the rising number of international tourist. Carbon dioxide and monoxides from tourist transports has contributed to severe local air pollution, some of these impacts are quite specific to tourist activities, for example, some tour buses carrying tourist in some destinations often leave their motors running for hours while the tourists go out for an excursion, because they want to return to a comfortably air-conditioned bus, all these contributes to the climate change. We will write a custom essay sample on Davos Declaration on Climate Change or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also the accommodation sector such as the hotels, inns, and so many more has also contributed squarely to the GHG emissions, through the use energy from heating to cooling etc. Even though most hotels are helping to conserve power and energy, some hotel guest will rather prefer to ignore all these sustainable energy practises such as opening the windows whiles the air-conditioning is working. Even though most hotels have standby generators, it is still not suitable for the environment because it is powered by fossil fuel, which emits harmful gases. This essay is going to look at how France cuts down energy use and adopts the actions of the Davos declaration. CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE DAVOS DECLARATION Climate is the average weather condition of a place over a particular or long period of time. The tourism industry and destinations are clearly sensitive to climate variability and change. Climate defines the length and quality of tourism seasons and plays a major role in destination choice and tourist spending. The tourism industry relies extensively on the climate of a destination to promote tourism in that destination, for example in some cold countries like Switzerland and Ukraine; tourist depends on the snow for their ski holiday. But several tourism activities affect the climate from tourist transportations to accommodation, making tourism a major contributor to climate change through its GHG emissions. Even though tourism is a major contribution to climate change, it can also play a significant role in addressing climate change, if all innovations and resources are fully mobilize and oriented towards this goal, thus the coming together of The United Nation World Tourism Organization(UNWTO), jointly with the United Nation Environmental Program (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) with the help of the World Economic Forum(WEF) and the Swiss government organized the second international conference on climate change and tourism in Davos, Switzerland from 1st to 3rd October 2007, the conference agreed on several reasons to help respond to climate change and reduce the GHG emissions if the tourism is to develop in a sustainable way BACKGROUND OF COUNTRY The essays looks at France and how it is adopting the actions of Davos declaration, located in Western Europe, and it is also the largest country in Western Europe. France has over 60 million tourist visits each year, making the country one of the largest tourist destination in the world if not number one. Many people or tourist visits France for its exceptional cuisines and famous chefs, also for its high sense of fashion and designer garments, cobblestoned streets, cuisines, beautiful sceneries, cycling sports, history and culture, above all the breath-taking architecture, it is a perfect holiday paradise for most tourists who are found of good food, wine and music. Paris the capital of France offers attractions such the Louvre museum and also beautiful art works along the seine river, this makes France the most popular country in terms of tourist arrival, according to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) HOW FRANCE IS MITIGATING THE GHG EMISSION FROM THE TOURISM SECTOR, ESPECIALLY FROM TRANSPORTATION AND ACCOMODATION ACTIVITIES The UN defines mitigation concerning climate change as a human intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of GHG, France as a nation and tourist destination, is largely concern and taking actions to reduce its GHG emissions from transportation and accommodations, France being a member of the Kyoto protocol, Transportation In February 2009, the French government launched the fourth PREDIT programme. This program with a budget of approximately 400 million euro will run from 2009-12. This program is helping to finance projects that reduce Co2 emissions, improve data on pollution and in long term coordinate research into energy efficient, low or zero carbon dioxide emitting vehicles particularly trucks. France transportation system is mostly made up of all the major modes of transport, air, road, rail and water transports, but mostly, air and road transport contributes very much to climate change. France as a major tourist destination in the world has increase the use of comfortable public transportation system, linking the capital to other part of the country. This method helps to reduce vehicle ownership per individual, and this helps to decrease GHG emissions per vehicle. The use of renewable energy, increase use of bio-fuels such as diesel and the newly invented ethanol fuel in major cities in France helps to reduce transport CO2 emissions Also the use of electric transportation, such as the re-introduction of the tram which operates in Marseille, Lille, Saint Etienne and other cities in France uses electricity, an example of this type of transport is the Eurotram in Strasbourg. Effective urban planning in Paris, Nice, and other cities in France helps to reduce sprawl, which decreases Vehicle Miles Travelled (VMT) lowering emissions from transports. Also the introduction of the carbon task for the 2010 national budget, under which France will bill â‚ ¬17 for every metric ton of CO2, emitted, Speed limiting is another method used by almost all European countries including France to reduce CO2 emissions. Accommodation The introduction of the financial law in 2009 by the French government ontains various provisions to increase financing for energy ef ficiency investments. Example of such is the creation of the eco-loan for energy efficient renovations which provides a zero interest loan programme for major renovation activities and building activities, the aim is for energy savings to allow repayment of the loans capital, activities that can be covered under the loan includes; thermal insulation for roofs, exterior walls, also the installation of heating or hot water systems using renewable energy. The loan is limited to about 30. 000 euro. Most major hotels in France employed solar energy and wind power to assist in power generation. During winter when the sunshine is less, for powering the solar panels, heat pump powered by electricity is used to provide heating. Hotel les Orangeries, Auberge les liards and other hotels in France use the solar panel to power the kitchen and rooms; also the original building of the hotel has been renovated with hemp insulation, lime and natural paint, to help cool the rooms. Also the efficient use of energy efficient light bulbs in the hotels helps to reduce the use of energy in the hotels. Also most hotels in France, provide thick draw curtains to keep the heat in the rooms during colder months and on hot days, draw curtains to keep the heat out, this helps to reduce the use of the air-condition, to reduce energy. Most hotels also switch off appliances in unused or unoccupied rooms to conserve energy. Also effective urban planning with attractive side walks, make walking and cycling more attractive, an the concentration of hotels within walking distance of town centres, shopping malls, attractions, makes walking very exciting thereby reducing the use of vehicles which emits gases. ADAPTATION OF TOURISM BUSINESSES AND DESTINATIONS TO CHANGING CLIMATE CONDITIONS The tourism industry is highly sensitive to climate variability and change; climate is the fundamental of tourist travel, because it affects several major environmental resources that are critical attractions for tourism, e. g. now conditions, water levels and quality etc, climate can also deter a tourist from visiting a particular destination. Regardless of all these greenhouse gas emission reduction efforts, there is also the need for every tourism business and destinations society to adapt to the changes in climates that can not avoid ed, this will help to reduce any unnecessary risk, and also to take advantages of new opportunities in all manner of sustainability. The French mountains are leader in term of winter sports; people from all countries come to the French Alps to ski, ski operators in France as a necessity, employ technological adaptations to climate change by artificial snow making to maintain good snow efficiency and also the creation of indoor skiing domes. In order to increase revenue, many winter resorts propose new activities that are not necessarily linked to snow; examples include spas, indoor sports because not everyone who visits a ski resort ski or occasionally, Most tour operators or companies in France adapts to changing climate by employing the product and market diversification strategy and advertising new and exciting places in order to create a balance in the travel pattern, they also prefer using public transports to take tourist on tour around the country than the company’s vehicles. The tourism industry also provides public education campaigns to educate the public on climate change, and also green house emission offset programs. Most tourism businesses such as hotels, travel and tour agencies, airlines etc in France have insurance covers, emergency plans and so many more in case of any unforeseen event. Hotels also educate their staffs on best sustainable practises The French government also provide an accurate and effective weather forecasting and early warning systems, to help predict and address any unforeseen event. Also the government creates of management plans, to address climate change. France is implementing pro active measures than reactive measures, by integrating the tourism sector into other government polices, for example disaster management, or land use planning, environmental impact assessments. APPLYING EXISTING AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES TO IMPROVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY Improving energy efficiency through technology is another mechanism to reduce energy demand and also reduce the emissions of aviation as well. Investing in green technology today can provide economic and environmental benefit in the future. The use of renewable energy, including wind, solar thermal, geothermal, biomass and so many more can help to improve energy. In term of architecture, most buildings and hotels in France are constructed using passive solar design or uses solar panel, example is the Orri de Planes hotel, also Les Cygnes Holiday Home in France introduce the carbon neutralisation mechanism to generate energy. Insulation is also another form of improving energy efficiency in building. In France fibreglass or laine de verre, hemp or chanvre panel and also some other materials are sandwiched between the building walls which keeps the house or room cool during the summer and as well as warm during winter, due to their ability to transfer and retain heat. The introduction of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and electric rail transports in Paris-Lyon and other cities in France has improve energy efficiency and also proven to reduce GHG emissions. Also the increase use of bio-fuel e. g. ethanol fuel and bio diesel will improve energy efficiency if produced environmentally friendly manner. In France the city of Lille turns biomass into enough methane gas to power about a third of its buses. Plans are also underway to introduce new technologies such as hydrogen fuel for cars to reduce consumptions of petroleum and emission of CO2. HOW FRANCE SECURES FINANCIAL RESOURCES TO ASSIST REGIONS AND COUNTRIES IN NEED. France, like many other developed countries is helping in assisting regions and destinations to fight climate change, many of these destinations are developing countries in need. A typical example of many of such destination is Nigeria, and France is assisting Nigeria in mitigating the effects of climate change on the environment. The introduction of the Robin Hood Tax also known as Financial Transaction Tax which is a tiny tax (0. 05%) that would be levied on all financial market transactions in order to raise funds for fighting poverty and climate change at home and abroad. It could levy transactions involving stocks, bonds, foreign exchange and derivatives including trade of futures options related to stock, interest rate securities, currencies and commodities. The tax is limited to transactions between financial markets actors, ordinary consumer transactions such as payment for goods, pay checks and cross border remittances are not included. According to a school of thoughts, this global transaction tax of 0. 5% could yield around $650 billion a year, even after a drastic reduction of market activities as a result of the tax. These revenues will help fill the shortfall for achieving the millennium development goals and also supporting developing countries in their quest to adapt to climate change and build ing a green economy. CONCLUSION The tourism industry must also play a significant role in addressing this climate changes as part of the major commitment to sustainable tourism process and the attainment of United Nations Millennium Development Goals, by reducing GHG emissions. This essay has shown that there will be many cost associated with climate adaptation, regardless of the success to mitigate GHG emissions by the international community. The essay has shown where France has reached in terms of battling climate change and how it is adopting the actions of the declaration, by adapting, mitigating and employing new technology to assist in reducing the effect of the climate change, and also securing financial resources to fund other regions and countries in need. REFERENCES Change: understanding, anticipation, adapting, participating in the common effort. (Online) http:// www. un. org Energy efficiency policies (online) viewed 28 May 2011 www. iea. org/textbase/pm/? mode=pmid=4298action=detail Gonzales, R, (February 18, 2011) Mitigation and Adaptation of climate change, viewed 23 May 2011, http://www. llvoices. com/contrubuted-news/8228847-mitigation-and-adaptation-of-climate-change. Gossling. S. Hall, C. M. 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